How to repair missing User folders in Windows

Your default User folders in Windows 7 (My Documents, My Pictures, My Music, My Videos, Downloads, and Desktop).

The default locations for the User folders in Windows-

C:\Users\USERNAME\Desktop
C:\Users\USERNAME\Documents
C:\Users\USERNAME\Downloads
C:\Users\USERNAME\Music
C:\Users\USERNAME\Pictures

C:\Users\USERNAME\Videos

* Reset The USER Folder Setting
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders.

{374DE290-123F-4565-9164-39C4925E467B}  –>  %USERPROFILE%\Downloads
Desktop  –  %USERPROFILE%\Desktop
My Music  –  %USERPROFILE%\Music
My Pictures  –  %USERPROFILE%\Pictures
My Video  –  %USERPROFILE%\Videos

Personal  –  %USERPROFILE%\Documents

Types of Networks

1)    Local Area Network (LAN): Systems connected within the same geographical area is called LAN. A LAN can span 2 kilometers.

Components of LAN:

1.    .NIC (Network Interface Card)

2.    Cable – Co axial, cat5 or cat6

3.    Hubs or Switches.

2)    Metropolitan Area Networking: MAN is a combination of LANs or WANS located and connected within the same city.

Components of MAN:

1. Router

2. Brouter (Brouter is a combination of bridge or router)

3. ATM Switches

4. DSL connectivity (DSL – Digital Subscriber Link) ex: Star cables

.

     3) Wide Area Networking (WAN): Interconnection of LANs or MANs located within the same geographical area or different area it depends on telecommunication services.

Components of WAN: Same as MAN:

Fiber Optic cable....

A technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves.

A fiber optic cable is a network cable that contains strands of glass fibers inside an insulated casing.

What is Domain Controller?

A domain controller (DC) or network domain controller is a Windows-based computer system that is used for storing user account data in a central database. It is the centrepiece of the Windows Active Directory service that authenticates users, stores user account information and enforces security policy for a Windows domain.

A domain controller allows system administrators to grant or deny users access to system resources, such as printers, documents, folders, network locations, etc., via a single username and password.

What is an operating system?

The Operating System is a software program that controls the processing and hardware associated with a computer. The operating system is the first piece of software loaded into memory when a computer starts. It is the operating system that launches or starts other software programs such as word processors, spreadsheets, databases, etc. The operating system manages all of the resources on the computer; it controls all the hardware in a machine. Manage all programs and resources; handle I/O, security, memory management, storage management, etc are the important functions of an OS.

Full form of .co, .in, .com.......

• COM - ".com" stands for "commercial".
• NET - ".net" stands for "network"
• ORG - ".org" stands for "organization"
• INFO - ".info" stands for "information"
• BIZ - ".biz" stands for "business".
• IN - 'IN' stands for India. The 'IN' is a 2-letter country code for India.

What is NETBIOS and NETBEUI?

NETBIOS is a programming interface that allows I/O requests to be sent to and received from a remote computer and it hides the networking hardware from applications.

NETBEUI is NetBIOS extended user interface. A transport protocol designed by Microsoft and IBM for the use on small subnets.

What do you meant by "triple X" in Networks?

The function of PAD (Packet Assembler Disassembler) is described in a document known as X.3. The standard protocol has been defined between the terminal and the PAD, called X.28; another standard protocol exists between hte PAD and the network, called X.29. Together, these three recommendations are often called "triple X".

The difference between 64 and 32 bit processors

In the future, the battle between 64 bit vs 32 bit processors will inevitably yield the 64 bit processor as the victor, but this transition is going to take some time.
First, I’ll talk about the pure mathematics and structure of the processors that are involved here. I’ll keep this part short and sweet.  

A bit is short for “binary digit.” It is basically how a computer stores and makes references to data, memory, etc. A bit can have a value of 1 or 0, that’s it. So binary code is streams of 1’s and 0’s, such as this random sequence 100100100111. These bits are also how your processor does calculations. By using 32 bits your processor can represent numbers from 0 to 4,294,967,295 while a 64-bit machine can represent numbers from 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615. Obviously this means your computer can do math with larger numbers, and be more efficient with smaller numbers. 

A 32-bit processor can only work with a maximum of 4GB of memory, and this is usually limited to 2GB for any one program. A 64-bit processor could theoretically work with 17 million GB of memory. A 64-bit processor can also carry out some tasks twice as quickly.
Now see, that description wasn’t too bad, but the question is how does this affect you, the average PC owner? The largest benefit will go to academic institutions and private companies, where large calculations are being performed, huge databases are being accessed, and complex problems are being solved. 

Everyone that doesn’t fall into that category will see some benefit of using 64 bit processors over 32 bit processors, but not much in today’s marketplace. The AMD Athlon 64-bit processor is completely backward compatible, meaning you can currently use it with 32-bit operating systems and software programs. You will see some benefits by using this setup, but because the programs weren’t written to take advantage of the extra power, they won’t use much of it. 

The true benefits of this set up don’t come from the amount of bits, but by the improved structure of the 64 bit vs 32 bit processor's older structure. A 64-bit processor is made with more advanced silicon processes, have more transistors, and faster speeds. This is currently where the true benefit of switching to a 64-bit processor lays. 

As for 64-bit operating systems and software, many are in the works, but nothing is in final version. Microsoft has released a beta version of Windows XP that takes advantage of the 64 bit technology, but there are still issues. The problem is when you run 32-bit software programs in the environment of a 64-bit operating system. Many programs won’t work properly, such as Adobe Acrobat and Windows Media Player, for example. Another issue is RAM. You really need about 4 GB of RAM to take full advantage of the capabilities offered by a 64-bit processor, while most PC owners have less than 1 GB under their computer’s hood. 

So, the question now is should you buy a 64 bit processor now, or wait? 

Disadvantages:
You’re currently not able to take full advantage of the technology because the software vendors haven’t made the switch from 32-bit to 64-bit processors.

Most AMD Athlon 64 bit processors are expensive, with prices sure to go down in the future.
Advantages:
Better performance out of a 32-bit operating system.

Probably the last processor you’ll have to buy for many years to come.

What is LILO?

LILO stands for Linux boot loader. It will load the MBR, master boot record, into the memory, and tell the system which partition and hard drive to boot from.